Volcanic Ash Avoidance

A commercial aircraft encounter with volcanic Ash can threaten safety of flight because of resulting conditions that can range from windshield pitting to loss of thrust in all engines. Developments in technology and communication networks have significantly decreased the probability of such an encounter in the last several years. Despite these developments, however, a 737-700…… Continue Reading →

Weather Conditions Associated with Jet Engine Power Loss and Damage due to Ingestion of Ice Particles

The aviation industry has now connected a number of jet engine power-loss and damage events to the ingestion of ice particles. Ice particle icing related jet engine power-loss and damage events are occurring during flights of large transport aircraft, commuter, and business jets. These events have only recently been recognized as occurring in regions of…… Continue Reading →

Wind Gradients and Turbulence

This document presents four events linked to meteorological phenomena, strong winds at altitude or convective movements associated with cumulonimbus. Although different in nature, these examples have some common points: the sudden deterioration of the conditions, late detection, sometimes inappropriate reactions, lack of information transfer within flight crews (PIREP). Since they are difficult to characterize in…… Continue Reading →

Accumulated Stress

Although small amounts of stress can yield benefits such as increased alertness and an improved ability to concentrate, an accumulation of stress caused by daily frustration and major life events has been associated with numerous health problems. In studies of flight crewmembers, stress has been associated with pilot error…. Continue Reading →

Approach and landing Risk Reduction Guide

The Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) Approach-and-landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Task Force designed this guide as part of the FSF ALAR Tool Kit, which is designed to help prevent ALAs, including those involving controlled flight into terrain. This guide should be used to evaluate specific flight operations and to improve crew awareness of associated risks. This…… Continue Reading →

Cognitive Engineering Analysis Of VNAV

A cognitive engineering analysis of the Flight Management System (FMS) Vertical Navigation (VNAV) function has identified overloading of the VNAV button and overloading of the Flight Mode Annunciation (FMA) used by the VNAV function. These two types of overloading, resulting in modal input devices and ambiguous feedback, are well known sources of operator confusion, and…… Continue Reading →